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Stuart Milner-Barry
Sir (Philip) Stuart Milner-Barry KCVO, CB, OBE (20 September 1906 – 25 March 1995) was a British chess player, chess writer, World War II codebreaker and civil servant. He represented England in chess both before and after World War II. He worked at Bletchley Park during World War II, and was head of "Hut 6", a section responsible for deciphering messages which had been encrypted using the German Enigma machine. He was one of four leading codebreakers at Bletchley to petition the then-Prime Minister Winston Churchill directly for more resources for their work. After the war he worked in the Treasury, and later administered the British honours system. In chess, he represented England in international tournaments, and lent his name to three opening variations.
==Early life and education==
Born in Hendon, London, Philip Stuart was the second of six children to a schoolteacher, Edward Leopold Milner-Barry, who died in 1917, and his wife, Edith Mary.〔Ralph Erskine, "Barry, Sir (Philip) Stuart Milner- (1906–1995)" in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004〕〔"Sir Stuart Milner-Barry – Obituary", ''The Times'', 28 March 1995〕 A talented chess player, he won the first British Boys' Championship in 1923.〔William Hartston, ("Obituary: Sir Stuart Milner-Barry" ), The Independent, 29 March 1995〕 He was a pupil at Cheltenham College, and won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained firsts in classics and moral sciences.〔 He represented Cambridge in chess. At Cambridge, he befriended another chess player, C.H.O'D. (Hugh) Alexander, and composed a number of chess puzzles.〔William Hartson, ("Chess" ), ''The Independent'', 30 March 1995〕 Between 1929 and 1938 he was a city stockbroker, although he was unhappy with the work.〔〔Gordon Welchman, ''The Hut Six Story: Breaking the Enigma Codes'', p. 84, first edition 1982; revised edition: M & M Baldwin, December 1997, ISBN 0-947712-34-8〕 From 1938, he was the chess correspondent for ''The Times'', succeeded in 1945 by Harry Golombek.〔
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